Machinery foe cutting files



'3 SheetsSheet 1 no Model.)

J. GRUM. MACHINE FOR CUTTING FILES.

Patented July 1, 1851.

o. ware-111m, wAsrlmmon, u. c.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2. I

No' Model.)

J. ORUM. MACHINE FOR CUTTING FILES.

No. 8,199. Patented July 1, 1851.

'INE Noam: nnzm 0o, PMoTauma, wAsmuwou, u g

(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 3.

l J. ORUM.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING FILES- No, 8,199: Patented July 1; 1851 Yul; mmPEITIS cov. morou'mtm. mm. a. a

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN ORUM, OF RAMAPO, NEW YORK.

MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,199, dated July 1, 1851.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN CRUM, of Ramapo, Rockland county, and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machineryfor Cutting Files, and that the following is a full, clear,

and exact description of the same, reference being had totheacc-ompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in whichFigure 1, is a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 2, a front elevation;Fig. 3, a horizontal section taken at the line A, a, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4,a longitudinal vertical section taken at the line B, b, of Fig. 2; Fig.5 cross section of the carriage at C, c, Fig. 4; Fig. 6, cross sectionof the file bed at D, d, Fig. 4; and Fig. 7 vertical section of the feedmotion.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

Many machines have been invented and essayed for cutting files, but sofar as I am informed none prior to my present invention have beenpractically useful, for the following reasons. Files are usually made ofa form presenting four faces which are more or less curved, slightlyswelling from the ters motion in cutting, the motion being greatestWhere the file is the thinnest and narrowest, so that the force of theblow is greatest where it should be the least. It follows from thisstate of things that the teeth will be cut deeper toward the point thanat or toward the middle. Again the two ranges of teeth cross each otherat given angles to the axis of the file, and the motion of the cuttermust be diagonal to the general plane of the face of the file to makethe teeth pointing toward thetop or point of the file. Thesepeculiarities in the form of the body and teeth present seriouspractical difficulties. If the cutting edge be made, as it should, atright angles to the plane of its motion to cut one range of teeth, whenreversed by reason of its obliquity, the cutting edge will then beoblique to the face of the file, and only touch it at one edge, hencesuch I an arrangement is impracticable.

the other in cutting another range, the result I i of which mustnecessarily be an imperfect file. And finally the curve of the face, andthe diagonal range of the lines of teeth, slightly vary the relations ofthe cutting edges to the plane of the face to be cut as the file movesunder the cutter from the point to the handle, and from this it mustfollow that if the edge of the cutter or the face of the file are notmade to shift as the file passes under the cutter, the cuts will vary,and the teeth produced be uneven.

All of the above practical difliculties I have avoided by myimprovements which consists, first, in connecting the file blank to abed which has a positive feed motion, and an incidental rolling motiondepending upon the shape of the blank and the angle which the cutterforms therewith; second, in connecting the cutter or chisel or the stockthereof with the slide, by which the power for cutting the teeth isapplied by means of a joint the axes of which shall be at right anglesor nearly so, with the face of the cutter, when this is combined with arolling bed on which the blank rests, whereby the cutting edge and faceof the blank become mutually self adapting to the varying angles one tothe curved face of the file, and the diagonal lines of the teeth; and,third, in holding down the file onto its bed or carriage as itprogresses under the cutter, by means of a roller which bears thereonjust in front of the cutter whereby that part of the file which is beingcut is held firmly down on to the bed notwithstanding the curvature ofthe faces, the said roller being made tapering from the middle towardits ends, so as to be self adapting to any change of position of theface of the file, and the end of the file being held or connected withthe bed or carriage by a clamp or the equivalent thereof,

which will permit that end of the file to rise and fall as the file istilted on its bed by the .pressure of the roller.

In the accompanying drawings a, represents the bed frame of the machineto which is properly secured the upper frame work 6. The top of the bedframe is formed with two ways 0, 0,,on which runs a carriage d,

provided at one end with a block 6 that slides vertically in a recess.This block has a semicircular groove, which is threaded to fitthethreads of a feed screw f hung in journals against a pin go thatprojects between the two wa s c, 0. And on the outer end the shaft 0 thescrew is provided with a ratchet wheel 9 which is operated by a hand orpawl h connected by means of a wrist 2' that can be adjusted in the slotof an arm j on a rock shaft k'the said rock shaft having another arm lto which is jointed the lower end of a vertical rod m that slides in atube 'n surrounded by a helical spring 0. The said s ring rests at itslower end on a collar an its ugper end bears rom the rod m and whichslides in slots in the tube, so that the tension of the said springshall always tend. to force up the rod and thus draw back the hand orpawl h which at every revolution ofthe main shaft 9 is pushed forward toturn the ratchet they required distance by the connection of the handwith the arm of the rock-shaft, acted upon by a cam r, on the main shaftwhich acts on the upper end of the rod m, properly formed for thatpurruns to the front end of the carriage to be pose.'- In thls way ateach rotation of the main shaft, the carriage is moved forward thedistance required for the cutting of one tooth. At the end of thefeeding motion the carriage is moved back by the attendant who for thisu se must first disengage the block 2 w ie is secured b a screw passingthrough a slot to the midd e of a short lever r connected with a handlever T which within reach of the attendant.

The cutter or chisel m is formed with a stem, fitted and secured by atemper screw y, in the socket ofthe lower half of a stock 2, which isjointed to the upper half by a screw bolt a. The two halves of thisstock are ut together in the manner of the well known rule joint, sothat the chisel or cutter shall have suflicient lateral play to adaptitself to the varying plane of the surface of the file. The upper end ofthe stock is fitted by .a stem in a socket at the lower end of a heavyblock of metal 12, called a slide, and there secured by a temper screwc. The slide b, is a quadrangular rism of the reguisite weight whichslides in two cross bars d, of the frame, each made in two partsconnected together by screw bolts e e that they may be adjusted to theslide. The position of the slide is in a planeperpendicular to thetransverse plane of the carriage which carries the blank and inclinedback from a lineperpendicular to the longitudinal plane of saidcarriage, so as to give the inclined out required to make the teeth ofthe file sharp toward the point of the file. 7 At about the middle ofits length the slide is provided with a strap f properly secured to 1t,which strap has two trunnions' g g on opposite sides which play in theslots of two arms h, h, of a' rock shaft 71, which has its bearings inthe upper frame b, and which is provided with another arm j, which atits outer end carries a roller is that isforced down to lift the slideand its cutter or chisel by means of a cam Z, on the main shaft g.

The cam Z, which operates the slide, has a greater sweep than, andbegins to lift the cutter before the cam 1' begins to operate the I feedmotion, but so soon as the feed motion is completed the cam l, liberatesthe rock shaft to permit the slide and chisel to descend and cut atooth. As the rock shaft is operated to lift the slide a projectingpiece m, is brought in contact with a spring n attached to a rock shaft0, from which projects an arm p, q, the point of w ich comes in contactwith and is arrested by an arm 8', of a rock shaft t, which has anotherarm u that carries a roller 1), that runs on a plane w attached to andcarried by the carriage d. After the arm 72, of the rock shaft 0', hasbeen arrested, the continued upward motion of the slides gives tensionto the spring, the recoil of which aids in forcing down the slide tomake the cut; hence the point at which the rock shaft 0 is arrested willdetermine the force with which the blow will be struck. The generalforce of blows for the various kinds of files is regulated by the setscrews 9, but the variation of this force for any one file is regulatedb the plane 'w on which the roller 1) runs; t e lower the plane the lesstension the spring will receive and hence rovided with a set screw theless will be the force of the blow and vice versa.

I In this way the form of the plane w can be modified to suit the formor chisel is diagonal to the line of motion a of the carriage tocorrespond with the lines of one range of teeth, and, when shifted andreversed, corres onding with the lines of the second range 0 teeth.

The upper surface of the carriage is formed with a semi-cylindricalcavity a, to which is fitted the under surface of the bed t, so that itcan roll therein; the form of the upper face of the said bed beingadapted to receive the file blank to be cut. The one end of the bed isformed with a journal u, properly fitted to the end of the cavity in thecarriage, and the journal is provided with a shoulder c, on the end toprevent the bed from moving endwise in the carriage, and the other endof the bed is provided with poppet headsor standards w, between whichslide the journals of a clamp block w", to which is secured the stem ofthe blank or file to be cut, so that the said clamp will be free to movetherein. A brass roller 2:,

tapered from the middle toward the ends is fitted to turn on the end ofa spring arm- 3 and is so situated as to make pressure on the face ofthe file blank in front of the cutter or chisel, so as to hold it downsteadily. Either the journal on which this roller turns should belargest in the middle, or the hole in the roller should be enlarged fromthe middle toward each end, so as to avoid as much as possible allobstruction to the motion of the bed when the lateral inclination of thebedis shifted from the one side to the other.

When cutting the first range of teeth, the cutter and the bed, are inthe position represented in the drawings and after the carriage has beenrun back, the cutter is shifted around so as to make its cutting edgecross the line of the first range of teeth, and as this varies the lineof the cutting edge relatively to the face of the file blank, the bedmust be turned to shift the inclination of theface of the file blank.But as the bed is free to roll, the first action of the cutter willeflect the shifting of the bed if the attendant should neglect to do it.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the cutter for cutting bothranges of teeth has its cutting edge at right angles to its line ofmotion and will at each cut strike equally acrossthe whole breadth ofthe file, with equal force. And that the force of the blow can beregulated by varying the form of the curved guide plane so as to adaptthe force of the blow relatively to the form of the file, so that theforce shall correspond with the resistance; and finally by reason of thejointed connection of the cutter stock with the slide which operates itthe edge, of the cutter will be rendered self adapting to any slightvariation in the surface of the file blank.

It will be seen from the foregoin that the file blank during theoperation 0 the machine rests on and moves under the cutter with therolling bed which is longitudinally connected with and operated by thecarriage and adapted to roll therein transversely to adapt the plane ofthe file to the line of the cutter edge. And as the clamp to which issecured the stem of the file blank is free to move up and down in itsconnections with the bed, the roller which makes pressure on the face ofthe blank just in front of the cutter, will always keep it firmly ontothe bed at that part of its length on which the cutter may be acting andthis too without reference to the degree of curvature of the face of thefile blank.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentis 1. Connecting the file blank to be cut with a bed which has apositive feed motion, subthe cutter forms therewith, substantially asdescribed.

2. I also claim connectin the chisel with 3. I also claim holding thefile down on to the bed during the operation of cutting, and

near to the cutter by means of a roller or its equivalent combined withthe rolling bed substantially as herein described, but this I only claimwhen the end of the file is so connected with its bed that it shall befree to move up and down that the pressure of the roller may keep thatpart of the file that is being cut, firmly down onto the bed, as hereinspecified.

4. I am aware that before the date of my invention, the cutter of filedcutting machines has been jointed to a valve or bar, but in such casesit has not been combined with a rolling bed and therefore I do not wishto be understood as claiming broadly the making of the cutter with aoint; but to claim this only under the limitations pointed out above.

5. I am also aware that the file blank has been made to slide during thefeeding motion over a rolling bed to adapt the transverse plane of thefileblank to the line of the cuttingedge for cutting the differentranges of teeth, and therefore I do not wish to be understood asclaiming broadly the employment of a rolling bed; but to claim suchrollin bed when made to move with the file during the feed motion fromend to end, under the limitations above specified.

JOHN CRUM.

Witnesses:

ROBT. DAVIS, CAUSTEN BROWNE.

Disclaimer.

To the H on. Commissioner of Patents:

The petition of JoHN CRUM, of Ramapo, in the State of New York, andVVIIL'IAM T. NIoHoLsoN, of the city and county of Providence, in theState of Rhode Island, respectfully represent that Letters Patent of theUnited States were on the 1st day of July, 1857, granted to the saidCRUM for improvements in machinery for cutting files, which LettersPatent by grant duly recorded in the Patent Ofiice have been assi ed tothe said Nicholson; and your petitioners represent that they have reasonto apprehend that through inadvertence and mistake the claim to theconnection of the chisel with its stock by a joint in combination with arolling bed is too broad, including that of which the patentee has not aright to claim.

